![]() ![]() ![]() These include reproductive function, concentrations of sexual hormones, the expression of genes on X and Y chromosomes and their effects and the higher percentage of body fat in women. Sex differences are based on biological factors. To discuss and address properly the differences in health and health care between men and women, it is necessary to distinguish between sex and gender and their respective effects on health. …the prevention, management and therapeutic treatment of many common diseases does not reflect the most obvious and most important risk factors for the patient: sex and gender Addressing gender in health and health care therefore requires new approaches at many levels, from training medical personal to clinical medicine, epidemiology and drug development. This omission is holding back more efficient health care, as gender-based prevention measures or therapies are probably more effective than the usual ‘one-size-fits all’ approach and would benefit patients of both genders. Despite our knowledge of these crucial differences, there is little gender-specific health care the prevention, management and therapeutic treatment of many common diseases does not reflect the most obvious and most important risk factors for the patient: sex and gender. They affect manifestation, epidemiology and pathophysiology of many widespread diseases and the approach to health care. However, there are important biological and behavioural differences between the two genders. ![]()
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